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<title>UTas ePrints - Dietary Supplementation with Chickpeas for at Least 5 Weeks Results in Small but Significant Reductions in Serum Total and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols in Adult Women and Men</title>
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<meta content="Pittaway, Jane K." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Ahuja, K.D." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Cehun, M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Chronopoulos, A." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Robertson, I.K." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Nestel, P.J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Ball, M.J." name="eprints.creators_name" />
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<meta content="2007-07-12" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="Dietary Supplementation with Chickpeas for at Least 5 Weeks Results in Small but Significant Reductions in Serum Total and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols in Adult Women and Men" name="eprints.title" />
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<meta content="Chickpeas, Legumes, Cardiovascular diseases, Cholesterol reduction, Intervention, cholesterol reduction" name="eprints.keywords" />
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<meta content="Aim: To compare the effects of a chickpea-supplemented diet and those of a wheat-supplemented diet on human serum lipids and lipoproteins. Methods: Forty-seven free-living adults participated in a randomized crossover weight maintenance dietary intervention involving two dietary periods, chickpea-supplemented and wheat-supplemented diets, each of at least 5 weeks duration. Results: The serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower (both p < 0.01) by 3.9 and 4.6%, respectively, after the chickpea-supplemented diet as compared with the wheat-supplemented diet. Protein (0.9% of energy, p = 0.01) and monounsaturated fat (3.3% of total fat, p < 0.001) intakes were slightly but significantly lower and the carbohydrate intake significantly higher (1.7% of energy, p < 0.001) on the chickpea-supplemented diet as compared with the wheat-supplemented diet. Multivariate analyses suggested that the differences in serum lipids were mainly due to small differences in polyunsaturated fatty acid and dietary fibre contents between the two intervention diets. Conclusions: Inclusion of chickpeas in an intervention diet results in lower serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as compared with a wheat-supplemented diet." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2006" name="eprints.date" />
<meta content="published" name="eprints.date_type" />
<meta content="Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism" name="eprints.publication" />
<meta content="50" name="eprints.volume" />
<meta content="6" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="512-518" name="eprints.pagerange" />
<meta content="10.1159/000098143" name="eprints.id_number" />
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<meta content="1 James WP: Policy and a prudent diet; in Garrow JS, James WP, Ralph A (eds): Human Nutrition and Dietetics, ed 10. London, Churchill-Livingstone, 2000, pp 837-845.
2 Anderson JW, Hanna TJ: Impact of nondigestible carbohydrates on serum lipoproteins and risk for cardiovascular disease. J Nutr 1999;129(7 Suppl):1457S-1466S.
3 Kushi LH, Meyer KA, Jacobs DR Jr: Cereals, legumes, and chronic disease risk reduction: evidence from epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70(3 Suppl):451S-458S.
4 Menotti A, Kromhout D, Blackburn H, et al: Food intake patterns and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: cross-cultural correlations in the Seven Countries Study. The Seven Countries Study Research Group. Eur J Epidemiol 1999;15:507-515.
5 AIHW: Heart, Stroke and Vascular Diseases - Australian Facts 2004. AIHW Cat. No. CVD 27. Canberra, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2004.
6 Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al: Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004;364:937-952.
7 Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 15: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/cgi-bin/list_nut.pl, 2002 (accessed August 23, 2002).
8 Pulses and Legumes as Functional Foods. http:www.nutritionfoundationofindia.org/PUBLICTN/Pub-cb1.html, 2002 (accessed June 6, 2002).
9 Petterson DS, Sipsas S, Mackintosh JB: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum); in: The Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Australian Pulses, ed 2. Canberra, Grain Research and Development Corporation, 1997, pp 13-14.
10 Geil PB, Anderson JW: Nutrition and health implications of dry beans: a review. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:549-558.
11 Bazzano LA, He J, Ogden LG, et al: Legume consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women. NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:2573-2578.
12 Duane WC: Effects of legume consumption on serum cholesterol, biliary lipids, and sterol metabolism in humans. J Lipid Res 1997;38:1120-1128.
13 Anderson JW: Dietary fibre, complex carbohydrate and coronary artery disease. Can J Cardiol 1995;11(Suppl G):55G-62G.
14 Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Cook-Newell ME: Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. N Engl J Med 1995;333:276-282.
15 Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Kurisu Y, et al: Decreased serum total cholesterol concentration is associated with high intake of soy products in Japanese men and women. J Nutr 1998;128:209-213.
16 Sri Kantha S, Erdman JW Jr: Legume carotenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1987;26:137-155.
17 Singh U, Subrahmanyam N, Kumar J: Cooking quality and nutritional attributes of some newly developed cultivars of chickpea. J Sci Food Agric 1991;55:37-46.
18 Zulet MA, Macarulla MT, Portillo MP, et al: Lipid and glucose utilization in hypercholesterolemic rats fed a diet containing heated chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.): a potential functional food. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1999;69:403-411.
19 Van Horn L: Fiber, lipids, and coronary heart disease. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association. Circulation 1997;95:2701-2704.
20 Dietary Fibre and Resistant Starch. http:www.grdc.com.au, 2002 (accessed August 12, 2002).
21 Mathur KS, Khan MA, Sharma RD: Hypocholesterolaemic effect of Bengal gram: a long-term study in man. Br Med J 1968;1:30-31.
22 Ghorai M, Mandal SC, Pal M, et al: A comparative study on hypocholesterolaemic effect of allicin, whole germinated seeds of bengal gram and guggulipid of gum gugglu. Phytother Res 2000;14:200-202.
23 Nestel P, Cehun M, Chronopoulos A: Effects of long-term consumption and single meals of chickpeas on plasma glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:390-395.
24 Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S, et al: Efficacy of a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet in normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic middle-aged and elderly men and women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:1079-1085.
25 Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S, et al: Body weight and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol changes after consumption of a low-fat ad libitum diet. JAMA 1995;274:1450-1455.
26 Friedewald W, Levy R, Fredrickson D: Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502.
27 Champ M, Langkilde AM, Brouns F, et al: Advances in dietary fibre characterisation. 1. Definition of dietary fibre, physiological relevance, health benefits and analytical aspects. Nutr Res Rev 2003;16:71-82.
28 Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, et al: Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. JAMA 1996;275:447-451.
29 Foley M, Ball M, Chisholm A, et al: Should mono- or poly-unsaturated fats replace saturated fat in the diet? Eur J Clin Nutr 1992;46:429-436.
30 Khan MA, Akhtar N, Ullah I, et al: Nutritional evaluation of desi and kabuli chickpeas and their products commonly consumed in Pakistan. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1995;46:215-223.
31 Wald NJ, Law MR: Serum cholesterol and ischaemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis 1995;118(Suppl):S1-S5.
32 DHFS: The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Canberra, Department of Health and Family Services, 1998. " name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Pittaway, Jane K. and Ahuja, K.D. and Cehun, M. and Chronopoulos, A. and Robertson, I.K. and Nestel, P.J. and Ball, M.J. (2006) Dietary Supplementation with Chickpeas for at Least 5 Weeks Results in Small but Significant Reductions in Serum Total and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols in Adult Women and Men. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 50 (6). pp. 512-518." name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="Ahuja, K.D." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Cehun, M." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Chronopoulos, A." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Robertson, I.K." name="DC.creator" />
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<meta content="Aim: To compare the effects of a chickpea-supplemented diet and those of a wheat-supplemented diet on human serum lipids and lipoproteins. Methods: Forty-seven free-living adults participated in a randomized crossover weight maintenance dietary intervention involving two dietary periods, chickpea-supplemented and wheat-supplemented diets, each of at least 5 weeks duration. Results: The serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower (both p < 0.01) by 3.9 and 4.6%, respectively, after the chickpea-supplemented diet as compared with the wheat-supplemented diet. Protein (0.9% of energy, p = 0.01) and monounsaturated fat (3.3% of total fat, p < 0.001) intakes were slightly but significantly lower and the carbohydrate intake significantly higher (1.7% of energy, p < 0.001) on the chickpea-supplemented diet as compared with the wheat-supplemented diet. Multivariate analyses suggested that the differences in serum lipids were mainly due to small differences in polyunsaturated fatty acid and dietary fibre contents between the two intervention diets. Conclusions: Inclusion of chickpeas in an intervention diet results in lower serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as compared with a wheat-supplemented diet." name="DC.description" />
<meta content="2006" name="DC.date" />
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<meta content="Pittaway, Jane K. and Ahuja, K.D. and Cehun, M. and Chronopoulos, A. and Robertson, I.K. and Nestel, P.J. and Ball, M.J. (2006) Dietary Supplementation with Chickpeas for at Least 5 Weeks Results in Small but Significant Reductions in Serum Total and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols in Adult Women and Men. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 50 (6). pp. 512-518." name="DC.identifier" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Dietary Supplementation with Chickpeas for at Least 5 Weeks Results in Small but Significant Reductions in Serum Total and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols in Adult Women and Men</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Pittaway, Jane K.</span> and <span class="person_name">Ahuja, K.D.</span> and <span class="person_name">Cehun, M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Chronopoulos, A.</span> and <span class="person_name">Robertson, I.K.</span> and <span class="person_name">Nestel, P.J.</span> and <span class="person_name">Ball, M.J.</span> (2006) <xhtml:em>Dietary Supplementation with Chickpeas for at Least 5 Weeks Results in Small but Significant Reductions in Serum Total and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols in Adult Women and Men.</xhtml:em> Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 50 (6). pp. 512-518.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1378/1/chickpea_ANM.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/1378/1/chickpea_ANM.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />151Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000098143">http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000098143</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Aim: To compare the effects of a chickpea-supplemented diet and those of a wheat-supplemented diet on human serum lipids and lipoproteins. Methods: Forty-seven free-living adults participated in a randomized crossover weight maintenance dietary intervention involving two dietary periods, chickpea-supplemented and wheat-supplemented diets, each of at least 5 weeks duration. Results: The serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower (both p < 0.01) by 3.9 and 4.6%, respectively, after the chickpea-supplemented diet as compared with the wheat-supplemented diet. Protein (0.9% of energy, p = 0.01) and monounsaturated fat (3.3% of total fat, p < 0.001) intakes were slightly but significantly lower and the carbohydrate intake significantly higher (1.7% of energy, p < 0.001) on the chickpea-supplemented diet as compared with the wheat-supplemented diet. Multivariate analyses suggested that the differences in serum lipids were mainly due to small differences in polyunsaturated fatty acid and dietary fibre contents between the two intervention diets. Conclusions: Inclusion of chickpeas in an intervention diet results in lower serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as compared with a wheat-supplemented diet.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Additional Information:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Definitive version is available online at http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=000098143</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Chickpeas, Legumes, Cardiovascular diseases, Cholesterol reduction, Intervention, cholesterol reduction</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/321200.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences > 321200 Public Health and Health Services</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/320000.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/321205.html">320000 Medical and Health Sciences > 321200 Public Health and Health Services > 321205 Nutrition and Dietetics</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">1378</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Kiran Deep Kaur Ahuja</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">12 Jul 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=1378;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=1378">item control page</a></p>
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